Hitkarini Institute of Nursing Sciences & Research

Nursing school

Utkarsh Dixit — Sun, 11 Sep 2011 11:45:20 +0000

A nursing school is a type of educational institution, or part thereof, providing education and training to become a fully qualified nurse. The nature of nursing education and nursing qualifications varies considerably across the world.

History of nursing schools

United Kingdom
Florence Nightingale was one of the pioneers in establishing the idea of nursing schools from her base at St Thomas’ Hospital, London in 1860 when she opened the ‘Nightingale Training School for Nurses’. Her intention was to train nurses to a qualified level, with the key aim of learning to develop observation skills and sensitivity to patient needs, then allow them to work in hospital posts across the United Kingdom and abroad. Her influence flourished and nursing is now a course taught at a number of British universities. The University of Manchester was one of the first English institutions to offer the course at degree level.

Entry level courses, sought by most universities, are often five Standard Grades/GCSEs, including English, maths and a science (preferably biology), and two Highers/A-Levels. Mature students, over the age of twenty-one, have the option of entering upon completion of a college access course, and experience in jobs such as being a health/nursing assistant are also worthy for consideration into the course.

Currently, nursing is a three-year course in the UK with a balance between course work in classes and practical placements in a health care setting. The first year is foundation, where students learn anatomy and physiology and basic health care. In Second Year, students then split into one of four chosen branches—adult nursing, paediatric nursing, mental health or learning disability nursing—that they wish to specialise in and nursing placements usually involve working within the chosen branch area (for example, paediatric student nurses would only be sent to paediatric units) learning skills essential to that setting. Students complete their course after their Third Year, with the choice of undertaking degree essays during that final year or graduating with only a diploma. Those studying midwifery follow a different pathway, specialising in this area from the first day of First Year. Newly qualified nurses then have to register with the Nursing and Midwifery Council in order to apply for jobs and legally practice.

United States
The Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing, New York City, founded in 1873, was the first school of nursing in the United States to be founded on the principles of nursing established by Florence Nightingale. The School operated at Bellevue Hospital until its closure in 1969. The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing founded in 1889 in consultation with Florence Nightingale was one of the very first nursing schools established in the United States. The University of Minnesota was the first university based nursing program. Yale School of Nursing became the first autonomous school of nursing in the United States in 1923. It had its own dean, faculty, budget, and degree meeting the standards of the University. The curriculum was based on an educational plan rather than on hospital service needs. In 1956, the Columbia University School of Nursing became the first in the United States to grant a master’s degree in a clinical nursing specialty.
Pre-requisites often include math, English, and other basic level courses. Basic courses in biology, anatomy and physiology are required. Core coursework includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Additionally, a strong emphasis is placed on procedural education such as insertion of intravenous and urinary catheters, sterile dressing changes, proper administration of medications, physical examinations, caring bedside manner, and other vital skills. After the first semester basic skills are obtained, students rotate through Obstetrics, Mental Health, Medical, Surgical, Oncology, Critical Care and Pediatric Units to get a holistic view of nursing and what it encompasses. Many nursing students and nursing schools use medical and healthcare educational software as a study or training aid. Many schools offer an accelerated Bachelors degree in nursing program. A variation of the Second Degree BSN is the Accelerated BSN. In addition to giving you credit for having completed your liberal arts requirements, an Accelerated BSN program will allow you to complete your undergraduate nursing program’s course requirements more quickly than students enrolled in a traditional BSNnursing program. Accelerated BSN programs usually take 12 months to complete, though some programs may run for 16 to 20 months. The traditional BSN programs may take much longer time. For example, in California, where nursing is a relatively high-paid and in high demand profession, the completion of BSN (including pre-requisites, major courses in the program, and General Education courses of college) may take up from 5 to 6 years. A 3.0 GPA is often an entrance requirement for many programs. Some more prestigious schools require much higher GPA score to be competitive. Also, there are other options of Associate Degree for RN and LPN programs(which in term of nursing training is much shorter and the scope of practice is different than RN). Lastly, the Master level is for experienced RNs to reach a higher education and may expand their scope of practice.

In the United States, students graduate from nursing education programs qualified to take one of the NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination) exams, the NCLEX-PN for Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) or the NCLEX-RN for Registered Nurses (RNs).

Degrees granted

Diploma in Nursing
Associate of Science in Nursing
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Master of Science in Nursing
Doctor of Nursing Practice

Development of nursing education in india: Post-indpendence

Utkarsh Dixit — Sun, 11 Sep 2011 11:37:39 +0000

Introduction

On 15th August 1947 India became independent and self govermentation. Social changes were taking place rapidly but an alarming absence of public health and sanitary measures continued.The ratio of nurse to patient remained dangerously low.The opening of nursing schools associated with college gave nursing profession a higher social and economic status,than it had previously known. T he formation of many commission and committees, establishment of INC and tremendous work of TNAI brought about change in nursing education post independence.

TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

TNAI helps the initiation of university level education in India. Recommendations of the Bhore committee were implemented within year .

Passing of the INC act
Deputation of Indian nurses abroad for post basic education

The TNAI made significant achievements in the field of nursing education.It creates awareness among nurses through Nursing journal of India and organizing continuing education programmes. TNAI also offers scholarships to deserving candidates to take up studies within the country and abroad.

Establishment of Indian Nursing Council

The INC was constituted to establish a uniform standard of education for nurses,midwives,health visitors and auxillary nurse midwives. The INC act was passed following an ordinance on December 31st 1947 . The council was constituted in 1949.

Main proposes of the council.

To set standards and to regulate the nursing education of all types in the country.
To p prescribe and specify minimum requirement for qualifying for a particular course in nursing.
Advisory role in the state nursing council
To collaborate e with state nursing councils,schools and colleges of nursing and examination board.

STATE REGISTRATION COUNCIL.

Functions.

Inspect and accredit schools of nursing in their state .
Conduct the examinations
Prescribe rules of conduct.
Maintain registers of nurses,midwives, ANM and health visitors in the state.

The state registration council are autonomous except they do not have power to prescribe the syllabi for courses.

RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES PERTAINING TO NURSING EDUCATION.

The recommendations given by committees and commission provided guidelines for improvement and growth of nursing education.

1. Health survey and development committee ( Bhore committee 1946)

Establishment of nursing college.
Creation of an all India nursing council.

2. Shetty committee 1954

Improvement in conditions of training of nurses.
Minimum requirement for admission to be in accordance with regulation of the INC.

3. Health survey and planning committee (Mudaliar committee 1959-61)

Three grades of nurses viz. the basic nurses (4yrs), auxillary nurse midwife (2yrs) and nurses with a degree qualification.
For GNM minimum entrance qualification matriculation .
For degree course passed higher secondary or pre university.
Medium of instruction preferably English in General nursing.
Degree course should be taught only in English.

4. Mukherjee committee, 1966.

Training of nurses and ANM’S required for family planning.

4. Kartar singh committee,1972-73

Multipurpose health worker scheme
Change in designation of ANM’s and LHV
Setting up of training division at the ministry of health and family welfare

7. Sarojini varadappan committee, 1990 (A high power committee on nursing and nursing profession.)

Two levels of nursing personnel
Post basic BSc nursing degree to continue
Masters in nursing programme to be increased and strengthened.
Doctorate in nursing programme to be started in selected university.
Continuing education and staff development for nurses.

8. Working group on nursing education and manpower,1991.

By 2020 the GNM programme to be phased out
Curriculum of BSc nursing to be modified
Staffing norm should be as per INC
There should be deliberate plan for preparation of teachers MSc/Mphil and PhD degrees.
Improvement in functioning of INC
Importance of continuing education for nurses.

DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATIION.

Basic General Nursing And Midwifery Education

1. Training of Dais(Birth Attendant )

The Dai training continued past independence. The goal was to train one Dai in each village and ultimate goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country

Duration of training was 30 days. No age limit was prescribed, training include theory and practice, more emphasis on field practice. This training was done at subcentre and equipments provided by UNICE F.

2. Auxillary Nurse Midwife

In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with some important decisions relating to future patterns of nursing training in India.One of the important decision was that there should be only two standard of training nursing and midwifery, subsequently the curriculum for these courses were prescribed.

The first course was started at St. Marys Hospital Punjab,1951.The entrance qualification was up to 7/8 years of schooling.The period of training was 2 years witch include a 9 month of midwifery and 3 months of community experience.

In 1977, as a result of the decision to prepare multipurpose health worker& vocationalization of higher secondary education, curriculum was revised a designed to have 1.5 year of vocationalized ANM programme and six months of general education.The entrance qualification was raised from 7th passed to matriculation passed.

Under multipurpose scheme promotional avenue was opened to senior ANMS for undergoing six months promotional training for which course was prescribed by INC.

3. Lady Health Visitor Course

Training of LHV course continued post independance.The syllabus prepar ed and prescribed by INC in 1951.The entrance qualification was metriculation.The duration was two and a half years which subsequently reduced to 2 years.

4 . General Nursing And Midwifery Course

GNM course existed since early years of century.In 1951,syllabus was prescribed by INC.In 1954 a special provision was made for male nurse.In1954 public health was integrated into basic nursing course.

First revision of course was done in 1963. In1964-65 Psychiatric nursing was included in curriculum.The duration of course was reduced from 4 years to 3.5 years. Second revision was done in 1982. The duration of the course reduced to 3 years.The Midwifery training of one year duration was gradually reduced to 9 months and then six months, finally three year integrated programme of GNM was prescribed in 1982.

5.Post-Basic/Post Certificate Short-Term Courses And Diploma Programmes

During 1948-50 four nurses were sent to the U.K.by Govt. of India for mental health nursing diploma.During 1954 Manzil Medical Health centre,Lucknow gave psychiatric nursing orientation course of 4 – 6weeks duration. In 1951 a one year course in public health was started at college of nursing Delhi.Govt. of India felt urgent need for psychiatric nurses during 1953-54,this resulted in first organized course at All India Institute of Mental Health.

In 1962 diploma in peadatric nursing was established at J.J.Group of Hospitals, Bombay.At present there are many other courses of three months duration which are monitored and recognized by INC.The ultimate aim of all the post-basic/ post certificate programme is to improvement of quality of patient care and promotion of health.

University-Level Programmes.

1.Basic BSc Nursing

First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of Delhi.and CMC Vellore. In 1949, on recommendation of university education committee and education commission(1964-66) and conference&workshop held by TNAI,The WHO and UGC,some more colleges came up in different state affiliated to different state university.

INC prescribes the syllabus which has been revised three times,the last revision was done in 1981.It was done on basis of the 10+3+2 system of general education.At present the BSc Nursing programme which is recommended by the INC is of four years and have foundations for future study and specialization in nursing.

2. Post Basic BSc Nursing

The need for higher training for certificate nurses was stressed by the Mudaliar Committee in1962. Two years post basic certificate BSc(N) programme was started in December 1962.for nurses with diploma in general and midwifery with minimum of 2 years experience. First started by university of Trivandrum. At present there are many colleges in India offering Pc BSc(N) Course.

3. Post Basic Nursing by Distance Education Mode.

In1985 Indira Gandhi National open university was established. In1992 Post Basic BSc Nursing programme was launched, which is three years duration course is recognized by INC.

4. Post- Graduate Education-MSc Nursing

First two years course in masters of nursing was started at RAK College of Nursing in 1959.and in 1969 in CMC Vellore. At present there are many colleges imparting MSc Nursing degree course in different specialties.

5. M.Phil

INC felt need for M.Phil programme as early on 1977,for this purpose committee was appointed.In 1986 one year full time and two years part time programme was started in RAK College of nursing Delhi.

6. Ph.D in Nursing

Indian nurses were sent abroad for Ph. D programme earlier. From1992 Ph D in nursing is also available in India.MAHI is one of the university having PhD programme.

Current Educational Patterns In Nursing

1.Non University Programme

Basic – ANM-GNM
Advance-Post-Certificate diploma

2. University Programme

Basic- BSc(N)
Post-Basic BSc(Regular)
Post-Basic BSc(N).IGNOU
Advance:MSc (Nursing)
M. phil
Ph.D.

Trends in nursing education changes from basic general nursing service to doctorate education in nursing.

Conclusion

Nursing education have expanded considerably post independence. University education in nursing brought about changes in nursing education.The type of nurses required today is an “all round personality”. Education brings changes in behaviour of the individual in a desirable manner.It aims at all round development of an individual to become mature,self-sufficient,intellectually,culturally refined.socially efficient and spiritually advanced.

Bibliography

Wilkinson, A. (1965). ‘History of Nursing in India and Pakistan’. New Delhi, TNAI.
Annamma, K.V. (189). ‘A New Text book for Nurses in India’. Madras, B. I. Publications.
Honda, U. and Gulani, K. K. (1995). ‘Community Health Nursing’, New Delhi, Ignon Publications.
Sandaranarayanan, B. and Sindhu, B. (2003), ‘Learning and Teaching Nursing’, Calicut, Brainfill.
Neeraja K. P. (2003), ‘Text Book of Nursing Education’, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers.
TNAI (2000). ‘History and trends in Nursing in India’, New Delhi.
Hurndr, R. and Letiman, B. (183). ‘Nursing Education in India’, New Delhi.
TNAI (1995). ‘Indian Nursing Year Book’, 1993-95, New Delhi – TNAI.
TNAI (2002), ‘Indian Nursing Year Book’, 2000, New Delhi – TNAI.

Indian Nursing Council : Contact

Utkarsh Dixit — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 10:36:19 +0000

Address
Indian Nursing Council
Combined Councils Building
Kotla Road, Temple lane
Opp. Mata Sundri College
Near I.T.O., New Delhi – 110002

Visiting hours
03.00 PM to 05.00 PM
(Monday to Friday)

Phone
+91 – 011 – 23235619
+91 – 011 – 23235570
+91 – 011 – 23220075
+91 – 011 – 23220076
+91 – 011 – 23236140 (Fax)

E-mail
secy2010@indiannursingcouncil.org
as@indiannursingcouncil.org

Website
www.indiannursingcouncil.org
www.indiannursingcouncil.co.in

CONTACT NO.’S OF STATE NURSING COUNCIL/EXAMINING BODIES

Utkarsh Dixit — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 10:31:39 +0000

Smt. Jayanti Chourasia,
Registrar,
Mahakoshal Nurses Registration Council, M- 78,
Block No. 9, Harshwardhan Nagar, Bhopal –3,
(Madhya Pradesh)
Ph. 0755-2571556 (O)
Mob. 09425691994 (M)

Indian Nursing Council Act – 1947

Utkarsh Dixit — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 10:27:14 +0000

Act No. of Year: ACT NO. 48 OF 1947

Enactment Date: [31st December, 1947.]

Act Objective: An Act to constitute an Indian Nursing Council.. WHERE AS it is expedient to constitute an Indian Nursing Council in order to establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives and health visitors; It is hereby enacted as follows:-

ACT YEAR: 1947-48
Section Text:
1. Short title, extent and commencement.

(1) This Act may be called the Indian Nursing Council Act,1947.
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
(3) It shall come into force at once.

2. Interpretation. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,-

(a)”the Council ” means the 3[Council] constituted under this Act
(b)” prescribed means prescribed by regulations made under section 16
(c)” State Council” means a Council (by whatever name called) constituted under the law of a State to regulate the registration of nurses, midwives or health visitors in the State ;
(d) “State register” means a register of nurses, midwives or health visitors maintained under the law of a State.

3. Constitution and composition of the Council.

1 The Central Government shall as soon as may be constitute a Council consisting of the following members, namely:-

(a) one nurse enrolled in a State register elected by each State Council.

——————————————————————-
1) The Act has been extended to Dadra and Nagar Haveli by Reg. 6 of 1963, s. 2 and Sch. I; Pondicherry by Reg. 7 of 1963, s. 3 and Sch. I, and Goa, Daman and Diu by Reg. 11 of 1963, s. 3 and Sch.
2) Subs. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 2, for the former sub-section (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
3) Subs. by s. 3, ibid., for “Indian Council of Nursing” (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
4) Cl. (e) omitted by s. 3, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
——————————————————————-

(b) two members elected from among themselves by the heads of institutions recognized by the Council for the purpose of this clause in which training is given-

(i) for obtaining a University degree in nursing; or

(ii) in respect of a post-certificate course in the
teaching of nursing and in nursing administration;]

(c) one member elected from among themselves by the heads of institutions in which health visitors are trained;
(d) one member elected by the Medical Council of India
(e) one member elected by the Central Council of the Indian Medical Association
(f) one member elected by the Council of the Trained Nurses Association of India ;
(g) one midwife or auxiliary nurse-midwife enrolled in a State register, elected by each of the State Councils in the four groups of States mentioned below, each group of States being taken in rotation in the following order, namely: -

(i) Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,Uttar Pradesh and Haryana],

(ii)Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra and Rajasthan,

(iii)Karnataka, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal,

(iv) Assam, Gujrat, Tamil Nadu and Orissa

(h) the Director General of Health Services, exofficio;

(i) the Chief Principal Matron, Medical Directorate, General Headquarters, ex officio ;

(j) the Chief Nursing Superintendent, office of the Director-General of Health Services, ex officio;

——————————————————————-
1. Subs. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 4, for the original clause (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).

2. Subs. by the Punjab Reorganisation and Delhi High Court (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1968, for “and Uttar Pradesh” (w.e.f. 1-11-1966).

3. Subs. by the Bombay Reorganisation (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1961, for “Bombay” (w.e.f. 1-5-1960).

4. Subs. by the Mysore State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1974, for “Mysore” (w.e.f. 1-11-1973).

5. Ins. by the State of Himachal Pradesh (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1973 (w.e.f. 25-1-1971).

6. Subs. by the Bombay Reorganisation (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1961, for “Madras and Orissa” (w.e.f. 1-5-1960).

7. Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1970, for “Madras” (w.e.f. 14-1-1969).
——————————————————————-

(k) the Director of Maternity and Child Welfare, Indian Red Cross Society, ex officio;

(l) the Chief Administrative Medical Officer (by whatever name called) of each State other than a Union territory, ex Officio;]

(m) the Superintendent of Nursing Services (by whatever name called), ex officio, from each of the States in the two groups mentioned below, each group of States being taken in rotation in the following order, namely :-

(i) Andhra Pradesh, Assam, 2[Maharashtra], Madhya Pradesh, 3[Tamil Nadu], Uttar Pradesh, 4[West Bengal and Haryana] ;

(ii) Bihar, 5[Gujrat] 6[Himachal Pradesh] Kerala, 7[Karnataka], Orissa, Punjab and Rajasthan];

(n) four members nominated by the Central Government, of whom at least two shall be nurses, midwives or health visitors enrolled in a State register and one shall be an experienced educationalist

(o) three members elected by Parliament, two by the House of the People from among its members and the other by the Council of States from among its members.

(2) The President of the Council shall be elected by the members of the Council from among themselves:

Provided that for five years from the first constitution of the Council the President shall be a person nominated from amongst the members of the Council by the Central Government, who shall hold office during the pleasure of the Central Government.

(3) No act done by the Council shall be questioned on the ground merely of the existence of any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the Council.

——————————————————————-
1. Subs. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 4, for the former clause (w.e.f. 1-12-
1958).

2. Subs. by the Bombay Reorganisation (Adaptation of Laws on Union Sub-
jects) Order, 1961, for “Bombay” (w.e.f. 1-5-1960).

3. Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws
on Union Subjects) Order. 1970, for “Madras ” (w.e.f. 14-1-1969).

4. Subs. by the Punjab Reorganisation and Delhi High Court (Adaptation
of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1968, for “and West Bengal” (w.e.f.
1-11-1966).

5. Ins. by the Bombay Reorganisation (Adaptation of Laws on Union
Subjects) Order, 1961 (w.e.f. 1-5-1960).

6. Ins. by the State of Himachal Pradesh (Adaptation of Laws on Union
Subjects) Order, 1973 (w.e.f. 25-1-1971).

7. Subs. by the Mysore State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws
on Union Subjects) Order, 1974, for “Mysore” (w.e.f. 1-11-1973).
——————————————————————-

4. Incorporation of the Council. –
The Council constituted under section 3 shall be a body corporate by the name of the Indian Nursing Council having perpetual succession and a common seal, with power to acquire property both movable and immovable, and shall by the said name sue and be sued.

5. Mode of elections.

(1) Elections under sub-section (1) of section 3 by State Councils shall be conducted in accordance with rules made in this behalf by the respective State Governments, andwhere any dispute arises regarding any such election it shall be referred to the State Government concerned whose decision shall be final.

(2) Other elections under that sub-section shall be conducted in the prescribed manner, and where any dispute arises regarding any such election it shall be referred to the Central Government whose decision shall be final.

6. Term of office and casual vacancies.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, an elected or nominated member, other than a nominated President, shall hold office for a term of five years from the date of his election or nomination or until his successor has been duly elected or nominated, whichever is longer.

(2) An elected or nominated member may at any time resign his
membership by writing under his hand addressed to the President, and
the seat of such member shall thereupon become vacant.

(3) An elected or nominated member shall be deemed to have
vacated his seat if he is absent without excuse sufficient in the
opinion of the Council from three consecutive meetings of the Council
where the interval between the first and third of the said meetings
exceeds six months.

(4) A casual vacancy in the Council shall be filled by fresh
election or nomination, as the case may be, and the person elected or
nominated to fill the vacancy shall hold office only for the remainder
of the term for which the member whose place he takes was elected or
nominated.

(5) Members of the Council shall be eligible for re-election or
renomination.

——————————————————————-
1 Sub-section (6) omitted by Act 45 of 1957, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
——————————————————————-

8. Officers, Committees and servants of the Council.

(1) The Secretary of the Council (who may also, if it is deemed expedient by the Council, act as Treasurer) shall, for three years from the first constitution of the Council, be a person appointed by the Central Government and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Central Government.

(2) The Council shall-

(a) elect from among its members a Vice-President;

(b) constitute from among its members an Executive Committee and such other committees for general or special purposes as the Council deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act ;

(c) subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), appoint a Secretary, who may also. if deemed expedient, act as Treasurer;

(d) appoint or nominate such other officers and servants as the Council deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act ;

(e) require and take from the Secretary, or from any other officer or servant, such security for the due performance of his duties as the Council deems necessary;

(f) with the previous sanction of the Central Government, fix the fees and allowances to be paid to the President. Vice President and members and the pay and allowances of officers and servants of the Council.

9. The Executive Committee

(1) The Executive Committee shall consist of nine members, of whom seven shall be elected by the Council from among its members.

(2) The President and Vice-President of the Council shall be members ex officio of the Executive Committee, and shall be President and Vice-President, respectively, of that Committee.

(3) In addition to the powers and duties conferred and imposed upon it by this Act, the Executive Committee shall exercise and dis-charge such powers and duties as the Council may confer or impose upon it by any regulations which may be made in this behalf.

10. Recognition of qualifications.

(1) For the purposes of this Act, the qualifications included in 1[Part I of] the Schedule shall be recognised qualifications, and the qualifications included in Part II of the Schedule shall be recognised higher qualifications.

(2) Any authority within the States 2* * * which, being recognised by the State Government 1[in consultation with the State Council, if any] for the purpose of granting any qualification, grants a qualification in general nursing, midwifery, 1[auxiliary nursing midwifery], health visiting or public health nursing, not included in the Schedule may apply to the Council to have such qualification recognised, and the Council may declare that such qualification, or such qualification only when granted after a specified date, shall be a recognized qualification for the purposes of this Act.

(3) The Council may enter into negotiations with any authority 3[in any 4[territory of India to which this Act does not extend] or

——————————————————————-
1 Ins. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
2 The words “of India” omitted by the A.O. 1950.
3 Subs. by Act 75 of 1950, s. 2, for ” in any State or country outside the States “.
4 Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 3) Order, 1956, for “Part B State”.
——————————————————————-

foreign country] which by the law of 2[such territory] or country is entrusted with the maintenance of a register of nurses, midwives or health visitors, for the settling of a scheme of reciprocity for the recognition of qualifications, and in pursuance of any such scheme the Council may declare that a qualification granted by any authority in any 2[such territory] or country, or such qualification only when granted after a specified date, shall be a recognised qualification for the purposes of this Act:

Provided that no declaration shall be made under this sub-section in respect of any qualification unless by the law and practice 3[of the foreign country] in which the qualification is granted persons domiciled or originating 4[in India] and holding qualifications recognized under this Act are permitted to enter and practise the nursing profession 5[in that country]

Provided further that-

(i) any reciprocal arrangements subsisting at the date of the commencement of this Act between a State Council
and any authority outside India for the recognition of qualifications shall, unless the Council decides otherwise, continue in force, and

6[(ii) any qualification granted by an authority in a territory of India to which this Act did not extend at the date of its commencement, and recognised on the said date by the State Council of a State to which this Act then extended, shall continue to be a recognised qualification for the purpose of registration in that State.]

(4) The provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3) and of sections 14 and 15 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the declaration by the Council of a qualification granted in respect of post-certificate nursing training as a recognised higher qualification.

11. Effect of recognition. 7[(1)] Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law,-

(a) any recognised qualification shall be a sufficient qualification for enrollment in any State register

——————————————————————-
1 The words “of India ” omitted by the A.O. 1950.
2 Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 3) Order, 1956, for “such State”.
3 Subs. by Act 75 of 1950, s. 2, for “of the State or country”.
4 Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for ” in any State”.
5 Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for “in that State or country”.
6 Subs. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 6, for the former clause (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
7 S. 11 re-numbered as sub-section (1) of that section by s, 7, ibid, (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
——————————————————————-

(b) no person shall, after the date of the commencement of this Act, be entitled to be enrolled in any State register as a nurse, midwife, 1[auxiliary nurse-midwife,] health visitor, or public health nurse unless he or she holds a recognised qualification :

Provided that any person already enrolled in any Stateregister before the said date may continue to be so enrolled notwithstanding that he or she may not hold a recognised qualification :

Provided further that any person who was immediately before the said date entitled to be enrolled in any State register but was not so enrolled shall, on application made in this behalf before the expiry of two years from the said date be entitled to be enrolled in that register ;

(c) any person holding a recognised higher qualification shall be entitled to have the qualification entered as a supplementary qualification in any State register in which he or she is enrolled, and after the said date no person shall be entitled to have entered as a supplementary qualification in any State register any qualification which is not a recognised higher qualification.

1[(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (b) of sub-section (1)-

(a) a citizen of India holding a qualification which entitles him or her to be registered with any Council of Nursing or Midwifery (by whatever name called) in any foreign country, may, with the approval of the Council, be enrolled in any State register; and where approval has been accorded by the Council in respect of such qualification in one case, the approval of the Council for enrollment in a State register in the case of any other citizen of India holding the same qualification shall not be necessary ;

(b) a person not being a citizen of India who is employed as a nurse, midwife, auxiliary nurse-midwife, teacher or administrator in any hospital or institution situated in any State for purposes of teaching, research or charitable work may, with the approval of the President of the Council, be enrolled temporarily in the State register for
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1 Ins. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
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such period as may be specified in this behalf in the order issued by the said President: Provided that practice by such person shall be limited to the hospital or institution to which he or she is attached.]

12. Power to require information as to courses of study and training and examinations.
Every authority in any State 1* * * which grants a recognised qualification or a recognised higher qualification shall furnish such information as the Council may, from time to time, require as to the courses of study and tranining and examinations to be undergone in order to obtain such qualification, as to the ages at which such courses of study and examinations are required to be undergone and such qualifications conferred, and generally as to the requisites for obtaining such qualification.

13. Inspections.

(1) The Executive Committee may appoint such number of inspectors 2[,whether from among members of the Council or otherwise,] as it deems necessary to inspect any institution recognised as a training institution, and to attend examinations held for the purpose of granting any recognised qualification or recognised higher qualification.

(2) Inspectors appointed under this section shall report to the Executive Committee on the suitability of the institution for the purposes of training and on the adequacy of the training therein, or as the case may be, on the sufficiency of the examinations.

(3) The Executive Committee shall forward a copy of such report to the authority or institution concerned, and shall also forward copies, with the remarks, if any, of the authority or institution concerned thereon, to the Central Government and to the State Government and State Council of the State in which the authority or institution is situated.

14. Withdrawal of recognition.

(1) When, upon report by the Executive Committee, it appears to the Council-

(a) that the courses of study and training and the examinations to be gone through in order to obtain a recognised qualification from any authority in any State 1* * *, or the conditions for admission to such courses or the standards of proficiency required from the candidates at such examinations are not in conformity with the regulations
——————————————————-
1 The words “of India” omitted by the A.O. 1950.
2 Ins. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 8 (w.e.f. 1-12-1958)
——————————————————-
made under this Act or fall short of the standards required thereby, or

(b) that an institution recognised by a State Council for the training of nurses, midwives, 1[auxiliary nurse-midwives] or health visitors does not satisfy the requirements of the Council, the Council may send to the Government of the State in which theauthority or institution, as the case may be, is situated a statement to such effect, and the State Government shall forward it, along with such remarks as it may think fit to the authority or institution concerned and, in a case referred to in clause (b) to the State Council also, with an intimation of the period within which the authority or institution may submit its explanation to the State Government.

(2) On the receipt of the explanation or, where no explanation is submitted within the period fixed, then on the expiry of the period, the State Government shall make its recommendations to the Council.

(3) The Council, after such further inquiry, if any, as it may think fit to make, and in a case referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1), after considering any remarks which the State Council may have addressed to it, may declare,-

(a) in a case referred to in clause (a) of that sub- section, that the qualifications granted by the authority concerned shall be recognised qualifications only when granted before a specified date, or

(b) in a case referred to in the said clause (b), that with effect from a date specified in the declaration any person holding a recognised qualification whose period of training and study preparatory to the grant to him of the qualification was passed at the institution concerned shall be entitled to be registered only in the State in which the institution is situated.

(4) The Council may declare that any recognised qualification granted outside the States 2* * * shall be a recognised qualification only if granted before a specified date.

15. Mode of declarations.3[(1)]
All declarations under section 10 or section 14 shall be made by resolution passed at a meeting of the Council called for the declarations purpose, and shall forthwith be published in the Official Gazette.

——————————————————————–
1 Ins, by Act 45 of 1957, s. 9 (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
2 The words “of India ” omitted by the A.O. 1950.
3 S. 15 re-numbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act 45 of 1957, s. 10 (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
——————————————————————-
1[(2) The Central Government shall, from time to time, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the Schedule so as to bring it into accord with any declaration under section 10 or section 14.]
2[15A. Indian Nurses Register.(1) The Council shall cause to be maintained in the prescribed manner a register of nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse midwives and health visitors to be known as the Indian Nurses Register, which shall contain the names of all persons who are for the time being enrolled on any State register.

(2) It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Council to keep the Indian Nurses Register in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and from time to time, to revise the register and publish it in the Gazette of India and in such other manner as may be prescribed.

(3) Such register shall be deemed to be a public document withinthe meaning of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), and may be proved by a copy published in the Gazette of India.

15 (B).Supply of copies of State registers.
Each State Council shall supply to the Council twenty printed copies of the State register as soon as may be after the 1st day of April of each year and inform the Council without delay of all additions to, and other amendments in, the State register made from time to time.]

16. Power to make regulations.

(1) The Council may 3[by notification in the official gazette,] make regulations not
inconsistent with this Act generally to carry out the provisions of this Act, and in particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such regulations may provide for-

(a) the management of the property of the Council and the maintenance and audit of its accounts ;

(b) the manner in which elections referred to in sub- section (2) of section 5 and in clause (a) of sub- section (2) of section 8 shall be conducted ;
(c) the summoning and holding of the meetings of the Council,the times and places at which such meetings shall be held, the conduct of business thereat and the number of members necessary to constitute a quorum ;
(d) prescribing the functions of the Executive Committee, the summoning and holding of meetngs thereof, the times and places at which such meetings shall be held, and the number of members necessary to constitute a quorum ;
——————————————————
1 Ins. by-Act 45 of 1957, s. 10 (w.e.f. 1-12-1958),
2 Ins. by s. 11, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
3 Ins. by Act 4 of 1986, s.2 and sch.(w.e.f. 15.5.1986)
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(e) prescribing the powers and duties of the President and the Vice-President ;

1[(f) prescribing the tenure of office and the powers and duties of the Secretary and other officers and servants of the Council ;
(ff) prescribing the powers and duties of inspectors;]

(g) prescribing the standard curricula for the training of nurses, midwives and health visitors, for training courses for teachers of nurses, midwives and health visitors, and for training in nursing administration

(h) prescribing the conditions for admission to courses of training as aforesaid ;

(i) prescribing the standards of examination and other requirements to be satisfied to secure for qualifications recognition under this Act ;

(j) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed under this Act.

(2) To enable the Council to be first constituted, the President may, with the previous sanction of the Central Government, make regulations for the conduct of the elections referred to in sub- section (2) of section 5, and any regulations so made may be altered or rescinded by the Council in exercise of its powers under this
section.

2[(3) Every regulation made under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the regulation or both Houses agree that the regulation should not be made, the regulation shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that regulation.]

17.[Repeal of Ordinance 13 of 1947.1 Rep. by the Indian Nursing Council (Amendment) Act, 1957 (45 of 1957), s. 13 (w. e. f. 1-12- 1958).

PART I
Recognised qualifications
A.-General Nursing-Certificates (including senior and junior certificates), Diplomas
or Degrees in Nursing issued by any of the following authorities,
namely:
1. The Examination Board appointed by the 4[Government of Tamil
Nadu].
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1. Subs. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 12, for the original cl. (f) (w.e.f. 1-12-1958).
2 Ins. by Act 4 of 1986, s.2 and Sch. (w.e.f. 15.5.1986)
3 Subs. by Act 45 of 1957, s. 14, for the original Schedule (w.e.f. 1-12- 1958).
4 Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1970, for “Govt. of Madras” (w.e.f. 14-1-1969).

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2. The Bombay Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Council.

3. The Bombay Presidency Nursing Association (when issued before the 1st day of January, 1936).

4. The Bengal Nursing Council (when issued before the 15th day of August, 1947).

5.The Uttar Pradesh State Medical Faculty.

6. The Uttar Pradesh Nurses and Midwives Council.

7. The State Board of Medical Examinations, Uttar Pradesh (when issued before the 1st day of January, 1927).

(a) The Punjab Nurses Registration Council (when issued before the 15th day of August, 1947 or after the 26th day of January, 1950).

(b) The East Punjab Nurses Registration Council (when issued before the 26th day of January, 1950).

9. The Bihar Medical Examination Board (when issued before the 1st day of January, 1938).

10. The Bihar Nurses Registration Council.

11. The Madhya Pradesh Medical Examination Board (when issued before the 1st day of April, 1950).

12. The Assam Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Council.

13. The Orissa Medical Examination Board.

14. The Mid-India (United) Board of Examiners for Nurses (when issued before the 1st day of January, 1947).

15. The Joint Missionary Board for Examination of Nurses (Marathi area) (when issued before the 1st day of January, 1934).

16. The North-India United Board of Examiners for Mission and other Hospitals (when issued before the 1[1st day of January, 1942].

17. PART II
Recognised higher qualifications
————————————————————
Name of the authority issuing the Qualification qualification
————————————————————

1. The Examination Board appointed 1.Diploma in Nursing- by the 3[Government of Tamil Sister Tutor Course. Nadu].

2. Diploma in Nursing- Nursing Administration Course. 2. College of Nursing, New Delhi. 1. Post-certificate course in Public Health Nursing (when issued before the 31st day of December, 1953).

2.Combined Post- certificate course in Teaching and Nursing Adminis- tration (when issued before the 31st day of August, 1957).

3. Certificate of Examination in Ward Sisters course.

4. Certificate of Examination in Nursing Administration Course.

4[(When granted on or before the 30th June, 1961).]
——————————————————————–
1 [Ins. by Notification No. S.O. 2682, dated 10-9-1963, see Gazette of India, Pt. II, Sec. 3(ii), P. 3417.
2 Ins. by Notification No. S.O. 2187, dated 11-6-1968, see Gazette of India, Pt. II, Sec. 3(ii), P. 3063.
3 Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order 1970, for "Government of Madras" (w.e.f. 14-1-1969).
4 Ins. by Notification No. S.O. 1391, dated 15-4-1964, see Gazette of India, Pt. II, Sec. 3(ii), p. 1643.
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(The Schedule.)
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Name of the authority issuing the Qualification qualification
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2.College of Nursing, New Delhi- 5.Certificate of Examination in contd. Sister Tutor Course. 1 [(When granted on orbefore the 30th June, 1961).]

6. Certificate of Examination in Mid-wife Tutor Course.

1 [(When granted on or before the 30th June, 1961).]

1[7.Diploma in Nursing administration.

8. Nursing Tutors Diploma.

9.Midwife Tutors Diploma.]

3. The (Missionary) Christian Me- Diploma in Teaching and Superdical College, School of Nur- vision (Sister Tutor Course) .sing, Vellore.

4. The School of Nursing, Christian Diploma in Teaching and Medical College, Vellore. Supervision (Sister Tutor Course).

5. The All India Institute of Mental Diploma in psychiatric Nursing Health, Bangalore.

Functions of Indian Nursing Council

Utkarsh Dixit — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 10:23:38 +0000

The Indian Nursing Council is an Autonomous Body under the Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare was constituted by the Central Government under section 3(1) of the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947 of parliament. The basic Aims, Objectives and functions of Indian Nursing Council are as follows

To establish and monitor a uniform standard of nursing education for nurses midwife, Auxiliary Nurse-Midwives and health visitors by doing inspection of the institutions.
To recognize the qualifications under section 10(2)(4) of the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947 for the purpose of registration and employment in India and abroad.
To give approval for registration of Indian and Foreign Nurses possessing foreign qualification under section 11(2)(a) of the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947.
To prescribe the syllabus & regulations for Nursing programs.
Power to withdraw the recognition of qualification under section 14 of the Act in case the institution fails to maintain its standards under Section 14 (1)(b) that an institution recognized by a State Council for the training of nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse midwives or health visitors does not satisfy the requirements of the Council.
To advise the State Nursing Councils, Examining Boards, State Governments and Central Government in various important items regarding Nursing Education in the Country.

Nursing Careers at a Glance

Utkarsh Dixit — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 09:18:39 +0000

Access basic information on many nursing career specialties.

Acute Care Nursing
Adult Nursing
Cardiovascular Nursing
Community Health Nursing
Forensic Nursing
Geriatric Nursing
Home Health Nursing
Infectious Disease Nurse
Legal Nurse Consultant
Neonatal Nursing
Nurse Case Manager
Nursing Informatics Specialist
Occupational Health Nursing
Oncology Nursing
Parish Nursing
Pediatric Nursing
Perinatal Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing
Rehabilitation Nursing
Rural Nursing
School Nursing
Women’s Health Nursing

What Type of Courses Are Needed for Pediatric Nursing ?

Utkarsh Dixit — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 09:12:36 +0000

Pediatric nurses provide preventive and acute care to infants, children, and teens in a variety of settings. They may learn their specialty through formal classes or while at work.

Types
A nurse can take pediatric nursing courses during a basic educational program, through continuing education, and in preparation for certification in pediatric nursing.

Features
Pediatric nursing content is included in both associate degree and bachelor’s of science degree programs in nursing. After graduation, a nurse can keep learning through continuing education courses in specialty areas of pediatrics. The Pediatric Nursing Certification Board offers a structured curriculum to prepare for specialty certification. Find a link in the References section.

On the Job Training
Some hospitals offer a Versant Residency Program in Pediatric Nursing that provides a solid foundation in the specialty, while others offer mentoring and precepting from seasoned pediatric RNs.

Considerations
As a pediatric nurse becomes more competent in his specialty, he may expand his role by earning a master’s degree in nursing and becoming a pediatric nurse practitioner.

Benefits
In general, the best way to earn more money as a pediatric nurse is to continue your education. An RN with a bachelor’s degree makes more money than an associate degree nurse, and a nurse practitioner commands a higher salary than an RN, according to pediatricnursing.com.

History of Nursing in India

Utkarsh Dixit — Sat, 03 Sep 2011 17:22:52 +0000

In 1857 the India Mutiny turned Miss Nightingales interest to the health of the Army in India. It was for this purpose the Royal Commission was appointed in 1859. In 1868, a sanitary department was established.

In March 1888, ten qualified British nurses arrived in India to look after the British Army in India. In 1905, during the British rule in India, missionary nurses arrived as members of Missionary Medical Association. This was the very start of formalized nursing service in India.

Gradually, the increasing need of adequately trained nurses led to creation of South India Examining Board in 1911 and the North India Examining Board in 1912. It was the mission hospital Nursing leaders who laid the foundation of systematic Nursing education in India. However, the mid India Board of Examination was started in 1934. But this was not regulated for registration. State-wise councils started developing from 1935 onwards. Indian Nursing Council (INC) Act was passed by the Parliament in 1947. The Nursing Council upgraded the educational requirements which permitted only matriculated candidates to seek admission to the schools. Now, India has State-wise registration councils in 19 states. ( TNAI yearbook 2000-2001).

The Central Government granted an approval to the Bhore Committee’s (1946) recommendations by starting two colleges of Nursing in Delhi (1946) and Vellore (1947). This provided university degree level courses. With the efforts of Professor S. Radhakrishnan (the then Chairman of University Education Commission), Nursing education in the country was integrated into the system of higher education.

Over decades, there has been an improvement in the availability of nursing education in India.

Remembering the pioneer of nursing profession ……

The Unforgettable – Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)

Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)

When stating about nursing as a profession, one always gets the picture of Florence Nightingale, the pioneer of nursing profession. She was born to English parents on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy. She was entitled ‘ Lady of the lamp’. Her work is well known and well recognized world wide.

She had got the opportunity of recienney good (best) education and also traveled throughout Europe and could make good contacts which really helped her to achieve the “mission” in her life. She came across individuals who were concerned with the reforms of social institutions such as prisons and hospitals. In 1853, she spent three months in Kaiserworth, Germany . In the same year she was appointed as Superintendent of Institution for the care of sick – gentle women in London.

In 1854, during the Crimean war, when women nurses were considered to be revolutionary, Florence Nightingale demonstrated quality nursing care along with 38 other nurses. After her extensive service at the Crimean war, efforts of Florence resulted in the appointment of the Royal Commission on the health of the Army. As one of the consequence, The Army Medical School was founded in 1857.

During her lifetime, her work and devotion enlightened the whole society. She was the founder of Nightingale School for nurses, the first ever of its kind. In 1907, she was conferred “The Order of Merit” by the King